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Pakistan is a South Asian country bordered by India, Afghanistan, Iran, and China, with a coastline along the Arabian Sea. It is the world’s fifth most populous country, featuring a diverse landscape that ranges from the towering peaks of the Karakoram Mountains to the deserts of Sindh. Pakistan is rich in culture and history, home to ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley and sites like Mohenjo-Daro, Badshahi Mosque, and Lahore Fort. Islamabad is the capital city, while Karachi is the largest.